把字句
HSK 3- Passive (把/被)
Structure (结构 jiégòu)
Meaning (意思 yìsi)
The 把 sentence emphasizes the specific action the subject exerts upon a definite object.
Explanation (解释 jiěshì)
The 把 (bǎ) construction moves the object before the verb to emphasize how an action was performed on that object and what result it produced. This structure makes the sentence clearer by focusing on the "handling" or "disposal" of the object.
Two important conditions:
- The object must be definite (e.g.,
这本书- this book,我的手机- my phone), not a general or unspecified object. - The verb cannot stand alone; it must be followed by a complement such as a resultative complement, a directional complement,
了, or a prepositional phrase.
Examples (例句 lìjù)(5)
- 我把书放在桌子上了。繁: 我把書放在桌子上了。Wǒ bǎ shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng le.
I put the book on the table.
- 请把门关上。繁: 請把門關上。Qǐng bǎ mén guān shàng.
Please close the door.
- 他把作业做完了。繁: 他把作業做完了。Tā bǎ zuòyè zuò wán le.
He finished his homework.
- 你把我的手机拿走了吗？繁: 你把我的手機拿走了嗎？Nǐ bǎ wǒ de shǒujī ná zǒu le ma?
Did you take my phone away?
- 妈妈把衣服洗干净了。繁: 媽媽把衣服洗乾淨了。Māma bǎ yīfu xǐ gānjìng le.
Mom has washed the clothes clean.
Common mistakes
- Wrong:我把一本书看完了。Correct:我看完了一本书。
The object in a 把 sentence must be definite. "A book" (一本书) is a general, non-specific object, so an ordinary sentence should be used instead.
- Wrong:我把窗户开。Correct:我把窗户打开了。
The verb in a 把 sentence cannot stand alone; it must be followed by a complement, such as a resultative complement like `开`.