语法GRAMMAR

Subject + 还 + Verb / Adjective

The adverb 还 (hái) is used to indicate that an action or state is still ongoing, carrying the meaning of "still" or "yet."

Choice A + 还是 + Choice B?

还是 used in questions to present a choice between two or more options, meaning 'or'.

Choice A + 或者 + Choice B

Used to connect two or more alternatives in a declarative sentence, carrying the meaning of 'or/either…or'.

Subject + 就 + Verb/Verb phrase

Adverb 就 is used to emphasize that something happens immediately, sooner than expected, or to introduce a conclusion.

Subject + 再 + Verb + (Object)

The adverb 再 is used to indicate the repetition of an action in the future, meaning "again" or "once more."

Subject + 又 + Verb (+ Object)

Adverb 又 is used to indicate the repetition of an action that has already occurred in the past.

Subject + 已经 + Verb/Adjective + (Object) + 了

The structure 已经…了 is used to express an action or state that has already occurred, carrying the meaning of "already… (done)."

Subject + 快(要) + Verb/Adjective + 了

The structure 快…了 / 快要…了 is used to express that an action or event is about to happen in the near future.

Subject + (就)要 + Verb/Adjective + 了

The structure 要…了 / 就要…了 is used to express that an action or event is about to happen in the near future.

别 + Verb (+ Object)

Use 别 to request or advise someone not to do something.

别 + Verb / Verb phrase + 了

The structure 别…了 is used to request or advise someone to stop an ongoing action.

Subject + 更 + Adjective / Psych verb

The adverb 更 is used in comparisons, indicating a higher degree relative to an already existing object or state.

Subject + 最 + Adjective / Psych verb (+ Object)

The adverb 最 is used to indicate the highest degree, equivalent to 'most' or '-est' in English.

Subject + 真 + Adjective / Psych verb

Adverb 真 is used to emphasize degree, expressing exclamation, equivalent to 'truly', 'really', 'so'.

Subject + 有点儿 + Adjective / Psych verb

有点儿 is used to express an undesirable state or feeling at a mild degree, meaning 'a little, somewhat'.

Adjective/Verb + 一点儿 + (Object)

Used after an adjective/verb to indicate a small degree, or to soften a request/remark.

Noun/Pronoun (A) + 比 + Noun/Pronoun (B) + Adjective

Used with 比 to compare two objects A and B with respect to a certain quality, expressing that one exceeds or falls short of the other.

A + 比 + B + Adjective + 多了

Used for comparative constructions, emphasizing a very large gap between two subjects.

Subject A + 没有 + Comparative object B + (这么/那么) + Adjective

The structure 'A 没有 B + adjective' is used for unfavorable comparison, meaning 'A is not as ... as B'.

Noun 1 + 跟 + Noun 2 + 一样 + (Adjective/Verb)

The structure 跟…一样 is used to compare the similarity between two objects, meaning 'the same as'.

A + 离 + B + (有) + Distance / Adjective (远/近)

Preposition 离 is used to express 'how far A is from B' in terms of space or time.

从 + Time point/Place 1 + 到 + Time point/Place 2

The structure 从…到… is used to indicate a range in time or space, meaning 'from… to…'.

Subject + 从 + Place/Time (starting point) + Verb

Preposition 从 is used to indicate the starting point of an action or a point in time, meaning 'from'.

Verb + 到 + Place / Time

Preposition 到 is used to indicate the endpoint of an action, both in space (to where) and in time (until when).

Subject + 往 + Direction/Place + Verb

Preposition 往 is used to indicate the direction of an action, meaning 'toward', 'in the direction of'.

Subject + 给 + Object + Verb + (Object)

The preposition 给 is used to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, equivalent to 'for/to' in English.

Subject + 对 + Object + Verb / Adjective

Preposition 对 is used to indicate the object or direction of an action or attitude, generally translated as 'with' or 'toward/regarding'.

Subject + 跟 + Object + (Adverb) + Verb

Preposition 跟 is used to connect two nouns, meaning 'together with' or 'with', typically indicating accompaniment in an action.

为什么 + (Subject) + Predicate?

为什么 is used to ask for a reason, equivalent to 'tại sao' or 'vì sao' in Vietnamese.

因为 + Cause, 所以 + Result

The paired conjunctions 因为…所以… are used to express a cause-and-effect relationship (because… therefore…).

虽然 + Clause 1, 但是 + Clause 2

The paired conjunction 虽然…但是… is used to connect two clauses with contrasting meanings, equivalent to 'although... but...' in English.

Subject + 一边 + Verb 1 + 一边 + Verb 2

Used to express two different actions performed simultaneously by the same subject.

Subject + 一 + Verb 1 / Clause 1 + 就 + Verb 2 / Clause 2

The structure 一…就… expresses two actions occurring one immediately after the other, carrying the meaning of "as soon as…", "once… then…".

Subject + Verb + 过 + (Object)

Particle 过 placed after a verb to express an action that has occurred before or a past experience.

Subject + Verb + 着 + (Object)

The particle 着 is placed after a verb to express an ongoing action or a currently existing state.

Verb + 一下

Verb + 一下 is used to express an action that occurs briefly, or to do something tentatively/casually.

Verb monosyllabic: AA (e.g.: 看看) or A一A (e.g.: 看一看). Verb disyllabic: ABAB (e.g.: 学习学习).

Repeat a verb to express an action that is quick, light, or carries the meaning of "giving something a try."

Subject + Verb + 得 + Complement of degree (usually Adjective/Adverb)

Use the particle 得 after a verb to describe the degree, state, or result of that action.

Subject + Verb + 完 + (Object)

Resultative complement 完 is placed after a verb to indicate that an action has been completed or finished.

Subject + Verb + 好 + (Object)

Resultative complement 好 indicates that an action has been completed satisfactorily or is ready for the next step.

Subject + Verb + 错 + (Object)

Resultative complement 错 is used after a verb to indicate that the action was done incorrectly, mistakenly, or inaccurately.

Verb + 到 + (Object)

The resultative complement 到 indicates that an action has achieved its intended goal or desired result.

Verb (看/听) + 见 + (Object)

Resultative complement 见 is used after the verbs 看/听 to indicate that the action has produced a result — that is, one has "seen" or "heard" something.

Subject + Verb + 懂 + (Object)

Resultative complement 懂 indicates that the action has achieved the result of 'understanding'.

Verb + 来 / 去

来 (lái) and 去 (qù) are placed after a verb to indicate the direction of the action relative to the speaker.

Subject + 什么 + (Object) + 都/也 + Verb/Adjective

The structure 什么都/也 is used to emphasize the meaning of 'anything also...' or 'nothing at all...'.

谁 + 都/也 + Verb/Adjective

The structure 谁都/也 is used to mean "anyone" or "no one," emphasizing universality.

Clause, 是不是? or Subject + 是不是 + Predicate?

The structure 是不是 is used to ask for confirmation of information, equivalent to 'is it or isn't it?' in English.

Clause + ，+ 对不对？

Used at the end of a sentence to ask for confirmation, equivalent to 'right?', 'isn't it?'.

Clause + 好不好?

Used at the end of a sentence to ask for an opinion or seek agreement, similar to '...được không?' or '...nhé?' in Vietnamese.

Subject + 不是 + (Matter/Quality) + 吗?

Used to ask again about something the speaker considers to be true, expressing surprise or confirmation.

每 + Measure word + Noun + 都 + Verb/Adjective

The structure 每…都… is used to emphasize totality, meaning 'every…all…'.

每次 + (Event), Subject + 都/就 + Action

每次 is used to express an action that recurs whenever a certain condition is met.

Subject + 经常 + Verb + (Object)

The adverb 经常 (jīngcháng) is used to indicate that an action occurs frequently or repeatedly.

Subject + 有时候 + Verb + (Object)

The adverb 有时候 is used to indicate that an action or situation occurs occasionally, sometimes.

第 + Numeral + (Measure word) + (Noun)

第 is used to turn cardinal numbers into ordinal numbers, e.g. 'một' (one) into 'thứ nhất' (第一, first).

Subject + 必须 + Verb (+ Object)

必须 is an adverb indicating obligation, meaning "must" or "it is absolutely necessary to do something."

Subject + 愿意 + Verb + (Object)

愿意 is used to express willingness, agreement, or voluntary readiness to do something.