语法GRAMMAR

Subject + 不仅 + Clause 1, 而且 + Clause 2

The structure 不仅…而且… is used to connect two clauses, meaning 'not only… but also…', emphasizing a progressive or additive relationship.

不仅 + Clause 1, (Subject) + 还 + Clause 2

The structure 不仅…还 is used to express progressive addition, meaning 'not only... but also...'.

Subject + 既 + Adjective/Verb 1 + 又 + Adjective/Verb 2

The structure 既…又… is used to connect two qualities or actions that coexist in the same subject, equivalent to "both… and…" or "not only… but also…".

Subject + 既 + Adjective/Verb 1 + 也 + Adjective/Verb 2

The structure 既…也… is used to connect two coexisting qualities or actions, carrying the meaning "both... and..." / "at once... and...".

即使 + Condition, Subject + 也 + Result

The structure 即使…也… is used to express concession, carrying the meaning 'even if/even though… still/nevertheless…'.

不管 + Interrogative word/Phrase with emphasis, Subject + 都/也 + Verb/Adjective

Expresses a result that remains unchanged regardless of the condition, carrying the meaning "no matter/even if... still...".

无论 + Condition (interrogative pronoun/rhetorical question clause) + Subject + 都/也 + Result

The structure 无论…都… expresses that a result remains unchanged no matter how the conditions may vary.

只有 + Condition, Subject + 才 + Result

The structure 只有…才… is used to express the necessary and only condition for something to occur.

除非 + Condition, (Subject) + 才 + Result

The structure 除非…才… is used to express the only condition for something to happen, carrying the meaning "only if/when… then…".

万一 + Hypothetical situation, (then) + Result/Solution

万一 is used to express a hypothesis that is unlikely to occur, typically an unfavorable situation that one should guard against.

假如 + Conditional clause, (Subject) + 就 + Result clause

The paired conjunction 假如…就… is used to express a hypothesis and its corresponding result, similar to 'if… then…'.

既然 + Known fact, (Subject) + 就 + Conclusion/Suggestion

既然…就… expresses a logical conclusion or suggestion based on an acknowledged fact.

由于 + Cause, + Result

Used to indicate the cause of an event, generally carrying a formal and objective tone.

Cause ，因此 + Result

Conjunction 因此 is used to connect cause and result, carrying the formal meaning of 'therefore', 'consequently'.

尽管 + Clause 1, 但是 + Clause 2

Used to connect two clauses with a strongly contrasting meaning, emphasizing surprise or difficulty.

Subject + 倒 + Verb/Adjective

倒 is used to express a mild contrast or a situation contrary to expectation, carrying the meaning of 'on the contrary', 'conversely'.

Clause 1 (situation/prediction), 反而 + Clause 2 (contrary result)

The conjunction 反而 is used to connect two clauses where the result is contrary to expectation or what would normally be expected.

Subject + 不但不 + Verb/Adjective, 反而 + Verb/Adjective

Expresses that the result is not only not as expected but is completely the opposite.

难道 + Interrogative clause?

难道 is used in rhetorical questions to express surprise or disbelief about something.

Subject + 难免 + (会) + Verb/Verb phrase

Used with `难免` to indicate an undesirable outcome that is almost certain to occur and difficult to avoid.

恐怕 + Clause (guess/worry)

恐怕 is used to express conjecture or worry about an undesirable situation, equivalent to "I'm afraid that," "I fear that."

Subject + 差点(儿) + (没) + Verb/Verb phrase

Used to express that something almost happened (but did not), or almost did not happen (but did).

连 + Object + 都/也 + Verb/Adjective

The structure 连…都/也… is used to emphasize an unexpected case, meaning 'even... also/still...'.

Any + Noun + 都/也 + Verb/Adjective

Used to emphasize that any and all subjects share a common characteristic or action, without exception.

所有 + (的) + Noun + 都 + Verb/Adjective

The structure '所有...都' is used to emphasize that all members of a group share a common characteristic or action.

Noun phrase + 之一

…之一 is used to refer to one member of a group or set, equivalent to 'one of…'.

另 + (一 + Measure word) + Noun / 另外 + (的) + Noun / 另外, + Clause / 另外 + Verb

另 and 另外 are used to refer to another person/thing, or to add supplementary information with the meaning of "besides," "furthermore," or "in addition."

Subject A + 不如 + Compared object B + (Adjective/Verb)

The structure A 不如 B is used for inferior comparisons, meaning A is not as good as B in some respect.

与其 + Choice A + 不如 + Choice B

The structure 与其 A 不如 B is used for comparison and selection, meaning 'it is better to do B than to do A'.

宁可 + Choice A (acceptable) + 也(不) + Choice B (unacceptable)

The structure 宁可…也… is used to express a choice, preferring to do something undesirable rather than do something even worse.

On one hand + Clause 1, (another) one hand + Clause 2

Used to enumerate two aspects or two sides (which may be contrasting) of the same issue or situation.

Subject + 一会儿 + Verb/Adjective 1, 一会儿 + Verb/Adjective 2

Expresses two or more different actions or states occurring alternately, changing continuously.

不是 + Choice A + 就是 + Choice B

The structure 不是…就是… is used to list two possibilities, implying that apart from these two there are no other options.

要么 + Choice A, 要么 + Choice B

The structure 要么…要么… is used to present two mutually exclusive choices, of which one must be chosen.

Clause + �了

罢了 used at the end of a sentence to emphasize that something is merely that and nothing more, nothing significant or important.

Clause + 而已

The modal particle 而已 is used at the end of a sentence to emphasize that something is merely as stated and nothing more, equivalent to 'only... that's all'.

Subject + Verb 1 (means/manner) + 来 + Verb 2 (purpose)

Use `来` between two verbs, where the second verb expresses the purpose of the first.

Subject + (Verb of motion) + 去 + (Place) + Verb/Verb phrase (purpose)

Use `去` to link a movement action with its purpose, meaning "to go (somewhere) in order to do something".

为了 + Purpose + 而 + Verb/Action

The structure 为了…而… is used to emphasize a purpose (the 为了 clause) and the action (the 而 clause) carried out to achieve that purpose.

Subject + 通过 + Means/Manner/Intermediary + Verb + (Object)

The preposition 通过 is used to indicate the means, method, or intermediary through which a certain goal is achieved.

Thing/Object + 由 + Person/Unit performing + Verb

Preposition 由 is used to indicate the person or unit responsible for carrying out an action, carrying a formal register.

拿 + Concrete example + 来说, + Argument / Comment

The structure 拿…来说 is used to introduce a specific example in order to illustrate a general point.

在 + Someone + 看来, + Clause (viewpoint)

The structure 在…看来 is used to express a particular person's viewpoint or opinion.

在 + Noun/Noun phrase + 上, [Clause]

The structure (在)…上 is used to indicate a specific scope, aspect, or field of a matter.

(在) + Noun/Noun phrase (indicating condition/circumstance) + 下, Main clause

The structure (在)…下 is used to express that an action occurs under a certain condition, circumstance, or influence.

(在) + Noun/Noun phrase + 中

The structure (在)…中 is used to indicate a scope, process, or abstract context, carrying the meaning of "in" or "among/amid".

Common structures: 不得不 + Verb, 非 + ... + 不可, 没有 + ... + 不 + ...

Double negation uses two negative words in a single sentence to emphasize an affirmative meaning, conveying the sense of "cannot but" or "always."

Use adverbs like 不是, 难道, 怎么... combined with modal particles 吗, 呢 at the end of the clause.

A rhetorical question is used to emphasize a point or emotion rather than to genuinely seek an answer.

Subject + (Verb + 得) + 像 + Noun/Phrase + 似的

The structure 似的 or 像…似的 is used for comparison, expressing similarity, meaning 'just like...' or 'as if...'.

关于 + Noun/Noun phrase, + Main clause

Preposition 关于 is used to introduce the topic or subject being discussed, often translated as 'about' or 'related to'.

Topic A. 至于 + Topic B, ...

Used to shift to a new topic related to the current one, equivalent to "as for…", "regarding…".

Clause, 比如/例如 + Example 1, Example 2, ...

Use 比如 or 例如 to introduce specific examples that illustrate a general statement.

Clause 1, 然而 + Clause 2

然而 is a conjunction connecting two clauses with contrasting meanings, equivalent to "however" in written language.

Clause 1 (Condition/Suggestion), 否则 + Clause 2 (Result)

否则 is a conjunction meaning 'otherwise' or 'if not', used to indicate the consequence if the stated condition is not followed.

Clause 1 (Proposal/Situation) + 要不然 + Clause 2 (Result)

要不然 is used to connect two clauses, indicating an undesirable result that would occur if the action in the preceding clause is not carried out.

一旦 + Condition, (就/便) + Result

一旦 is used to express a hypothetical future condition, carrying the meaning "once… then…".

Reason/Detail 1, Reason/Detail 2, ... + 总之, + Conclusion

总之 is used to summarize or conclude what has been said previously.

Clause 1. 此外, Clause 2.

Conjunction 此外 is used to add supplementary information, equivalent to 'in addition' or 'besides'.

反正 + Clause (conclusion/decision)

The adverb 反正 is used to emphasize an unchanging fact or decision, regardless of circumstances.

Subject + 千万 + 要/别/不要 + Verb

The adverb 千万 is used to emphasize advice or warnings, meaning "must absolutely" or "whatever you do, don't."

Subject + 简直 + Verb/Adjective (+ ...)

The adverb 简直 is used to emphasize exaggeration, carrying the meaning of 'truly', 'it's just like', 'exactly like'.

Subject + 居然 / 竟然 + Verb / Verb phrase

Used to express surprise at something unexpected, contrary to normal expectations.

Subject + 偏偏 + Verb/Verb phrase

The adverb 偏偏 expresses that something happens contrary to one's wishes, to what is normally expected, or in a deliberate manner.

Subject + 果然 + Predicate (Verb/Adjective)

Adverb 果然 expresses that an event or result occurs exactly as previously predicted.

Subject + 仍然 / 依然 + Verb / Adjective

Adverbs 仍然 and 依然 are used to express that a situation continues unchanged; they carry a more formal register than 还.

Clause 1 + 甚至 + Clause 2 (emphasize)

The adverb 甚至 is used to emphasize an extreme or unexpected example, meaning 'even', 'to the point that'.

1. 十 + 几: ten several (11-19). 2. 几 + 十/百/千: several tens/hundreds/thousands. 3. Tens/hundreds + 几: ...tens several/hundreds several.

几 is used after round tens, hundreds, or thousands to indicate a small approximate number (usually under 10).

Numeral + Measure word + (Noun) + 左右 / 上下

左右 and 上下 are placed after a quantity to express approximation, meaning "about" or "approximately."

Numeral (round tens) + 来 + Measure word + (Noun)

Placed after round tens numbers (10, 20, ...) to indicate an approximate number slightly larger than that figure.

Subject + 不得不 + Verb (+ Object)

不得不 expresses being compelled to do something due to circumstances, with no other choice available.

Subject + 不能不 + Verb (+ Object)

The double negative structure 不能不 is used to emphasize obligation, meaning "must" or "cannot but do something."

Subject + 没法 / 没办法 + Verb (+ Object)

没法/没办法 expresses helplessness or inability to do something due to objective circumstances; there is no way to do it.

Subject + 来得及 / 来不及 + (Verb + Object)

来得及/来不及 used to express whether or not there is still enough time to do something.

Subject + 受不了 + (Object/Matter)

Used to express the feeling of being unable to tolerate a person, event, or situation.

Subject + (Main Verb) + 顺便 + Secondary Verb (+ Object)

The adverb 顺便 expresses a secondary action carried out incidentally while performing another main action.

对 + Object + 而言, + Clause (perspective/opinion)

The structure 对…而言 is used to express a viewpoint or opinion from the perspective of a particular person or party.

比起 + Object A + (来), Object B + Adverb + Adjective/Verb

The structure 比起…来 is used to compare two objects, often emphasizing the difference between them.

Subject + 不见得 + Verb/Adjective/Phrase

The adverb 不见得 is used to express uncertain conjecture, carrying the meaning "not necessarily, not sure that."

看来 + , + Clause (judgment/conclusion)

看来 is used to introduce a judgment or conclusion based on what has been observed, equivalent to "it seems," "it looks like," or "apparently."

按照 + Noun (standard/plan) + Verb

Preposition 按照 is used to indicate that an action is carried out in accordance with a certain standard, rule, or requirement.

根据 + Source of information/Basis, + Main clause

The preposition 根据 is used to indicate the basis, evidence, or source of information for an action or conclusion.

随着 + Noun/Noun phrase, Main clause

随着 is used to express that one situation changes along with the change of another situation.

Subject A + 比不上 + Compared object B

The structure 比不上 is used for unequal comparisons, indicating that one object does not measure up to or is inferior to another.

Clause 1, (Subject) + 却 + Verb/Adjective

Adverb `却` is used to indicate contrast or unexpectedness, often translated as 'instead', 'but', or 'yet'.

Adjective + 透了

Used after adjectives to emphasize an extreme degree, usually with a negative connotation.

Subject + 老是 + Verb/Adjective

The adverb 老是 expresses a repeatedly occurring action, usually carrying a sense of complaint or dissatisfaction.

Subject + 倒 + Verb / Adjective

The adverb 倒 expresses a situation contrary to what is normal or expected, carrying the meaning of 'instead, on the contrary'.